Listing and navigating directories in the shell

Listing options

Obviously we know that in order to list the files and sub-directories in our current directory we use ls but here are some of the most useful of the different modifiers:

• **ls -a**
  • list and include hidden dot files
• **ls -l**
  • list with user permissions, file-size and date-modified (most detailed)
• **ls ***
  • list organised by folders one level deep

Navigation shorthands

• cd -
  • Return to the directory you were last in
• !!
  • Repeat the last command